Manganese

Silver· human data

An essential enzyme cofactor that is rarely deficient and easy to overdo.

Manganese is a trace mineral acting as a cofactor for enzymes in metabolism, bone formation and antioxidant defence. It is plentiful in wholegrains, nuts, tea and leafy vegetables, so dietary deficiency is rare.

Because needs are small and easily met, standalone supplements offer little, and excess manganese can be neurotoxic. It is best obtained from food rather than dedicated pills.

Sources

PubMed: manganese supplementation deficiency toxicity (research overview)

Written and reviewed by Mathew Beale, MSc Biotechnology, University of Reading.

Last reviewed: 22 July 2026